Update Statistics for Multiple Indexes

reference

Enterprise Edition

February 23, 2025

+ 12

You can use the UPDATE STATISTICS statement to gather statistics for multiple indexes at once.

Purpose

The UPDATE STATISTICS statement provides a syntax which enables you to analyze multiple indexes at once. With this syntax, the statement gathers statistics for all the index key expressions from all specified indexes. This provides a shorthand so that you do not need to list all the index key expressions explicitly.

If the same index expression is included in multiple indexes, duplicate index expressions are removed, so each index expression is only analyzed once.

Syntax

ebnf
ViewCopy
update-statistics-indexes ::= ( 'UPDATE' 'STATISTICS' 'FOR'? |
                                'ANALYZE' ( 'KEYSPACE' | 'COLLECTION')? )
                                keyspace-ref indexes-clause index-using? index-with?

For this syntax, UPDATE STATISTICS and ANALYZE are synonyms. The statement must begin with one of these alternatives.

When using the UPDATE STATISTICS keywords, the FOR keyword is optional. Including this keyword makes no difference to the operation of the statement.

When using the ANALYZE keyword, the COLLECTION or KEYSPACE keywords are optional. Including either of these keywords makes no difference to the operation of the statement.

keyspace-ref	Keyspace Reference
indexes-clause	INDEX Clause
index-using	USING Clause
index-with	WITH Clause

Keyspace Reference

ebnf
ViewCopy
keyspace-ref ::= keyspace-path | keyspace-partial

ebnf
ViewCopy
keyspace-path ::= ( namespace ':' )? bucket ( '.' scope '.' collection )?

ebnf
ViewCopy
keyspace-partial ::= collection

The simple name or fully-qualified name of the keyspace on which the indexes are built. Refer to the CREATE INDEX statement for details of the syntax.

INDEX Clause

ebnf
ViewCopy
indexes-clause ::= 'INDEX' ( '(' ( index-name ( ',' index-name )* | subquery-expr ) ')' |
                             'ALL' )

For this syntax, the INDEX clause enables you to specify a comma-separated list of index names, a subquery which returns an array of index names, or all the indexes in the specified keyspace.

index-name	A unique name that identifies an index.
subquery-expr	Subquery Expression

Subquery Expression

ebnf
ViewCopy
subquery-expr ::= '(' select ')'

Use parentheses to specify a subquery.

The subquery must return an array of strings, each string representing the name of an index. The subquery should look for GSI indexes that are in the online state. Refer to Example 3 and Example 4 for details.

INDEX ALL

The INDEX ALL keywords enable you to analyze all the indexes in the specified keyspace, without having to use a subquery. Refer to Example 5 and Example 6 for details.

USING Clause

ebnf
ViewCopy
index-using ::= 'USING' 'GSI'

In Couchbase Server 6.5 and later, the index type for a secondary index must be Global Secondary Index (GSI). The USING GSI keywords are optional and may be omitted.

WITH Clause

ebnf
ViewCopy
index-with ::= 'WITH' expr

Use the WITH clause to specify additional options.

expr

An object with the following properties:

sample_size: [Optional] An integer specifying the sample size to use for distribution statistics. A minimum sample size is also calculated. If the specified sample size is smaller than the minimum sample size, the minimum sample size is used instead.
resolution: [Optional] A float representing the percentage of documents to store in each distribution bin. If omitted, the default value is 1.0, meaning each distribution bin contains 1% of the documents, and therefore 100 bins are required. The minimum resolution is 0.02 (5000 distribution bins) and the maximum is 5.0 (20 distribution bins).
update_statistics_timeout: [Optional] A number representing a duration in seconds. The command times out when this timeout period is reached. If omitted, a default timeout value is calculated based on the number of samples used.
batch_size: [Optional] Only applies when processing multiple index expressions at once. If there is a large number of index expressions to process, the cost-based optimizer deals with them in batches. This option is an integer specifying the maximum number of index expressions in each batch. If omitted, the default value is 10. You can specify a different value based on the memory availability of the system. Note that when index expressions are processed in batches, the update_statistics_timeout value (above) applies to each batch.

Refer to Distribution Statistics for more information on sample size and resolution.

Result

The statement returns an empty array.

Examples

To try the examples in this section, set the query context to the inventory scope in the travel sample dataset. For more information, see Query Context.

Example 1. UPDATE STATISTICS with indexes

sql++
ViewCopy
UPDATE STATISTICS FOR airport
INDEX (def_inventory_airport_faa, def_inventory_airport_city);

Example 2. ANALYZE with indexes

sql++
ViewCopy
ANALYZE KEYSPACE airport
INDEX (def_inventory_airport_faa, def_inventory_airport_city);

This query is equivalent to the query in Example 1.

Example 3. UPDATE STATISTICS with subquery

sql++
ViewCopy
UPDATE STATISTICS FOR airport INDEX (( (1)
  SELECT RAW name (2)
  FROM system:indexes
  WHERE state = "online"
    AND `using` = "gsi" (3)
    AND bucket_id = "travel-sample" 
    AND scope_id = "inventory"
    AND keyspace_id = "airport" ));

1	One set of parentheses delimits the whole group of index terms, and the other set of parentheses delimits the subquery, leading to a double set of parentheses.
2	The `RAW` keyword forces the subquery to return a flattened array of strings, each of which refers to an index name.
3	Since `USING` is a reserved keyword, you need to surround it in backticks in the query.

Example 4. ANALYZE with subquery

sql++
ViewCopy
ANALYZE KEYSPACE airport INDEX ((
  SELECT RAW name
  FROM system:indexes
  WHERE state = "online"
    AND `using` = "gsi"
    AND bucket_id = "travel-sample" 
    AND scope_id = "inventory"
    AND keyspace_id = "airport" ));

This query is equivalent to the query in Example 3.

Example 5. UPDATE STATISTICS with all indexes

sql++
ViewCopy
UPDATE STATISTICS FOR airport INDEX ALL;

Example 6. ANALYZE with all indexes

sql++
ViewCopy
ANALYZE KEYSPACE airport INDEX ALL;

This query is equivalent to the query in Example 5.